Theory and History of Ontology (ontology.co)by Raul Corazzon | e-mail: rc@ontology.co
This part of the section Ontologists of 19th and 20th centuries includes the following pages:
Edmund Husserl: Formal Ontology and Transcendental Logic
Selected bibliography on Husserl's Logic and Ontology:
K - Z (Current Page)
Kaminski, Régine. 2003. Genèse du logique dans la phénoménologie de Husserl. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan.
Kaufmann, Matthias. 1995. "Thomas Hobbes über Universalien und die Wahrheit von Sätzen." In Facetten der Wahrheit. Festschrift für Meinolf Wewel 99-110. Freiburg im Breisgau: Alber.
Kersting, Wolfgang. 1992. Thomas Hobbes zu Einführung. Hamburg.
Aktualisierte Auflage 2009.
Klein, Jacob. 1940. "Phenomenology and the History of Science." In Philosophical Essays in Memory of Edmund Husserl, edited by Farber, Marvin, 141-163. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Reprinted in: Robert B. Williamson and Eliott Zuckerman (eds.), Jacob Klein. Lecture and Essays, Annapolis: St. John's Press, 1985, pp. 65-84.
Kontos, Pavlos. 1994. "Heidegger, lecteur de Husserl: logique formelle et ontologie materielle." Revue Philosophique de Louvain no. 92:53-81.
"The indications provided by Heidegger himself in his course on 'Phenomenological interpretation of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason' make it possible to pinpoint his debt to Husserl. It turns out that this course followed the same main steps in its argument as Husserl in 'Formal logic and transcendental logic': a) formal logic and transcendental logic; b) the subordination of formal logic to transcendental logic; c) regional unity as a basis for formal logic; d) transcendental subjectivity as ultimate basis. The account of this parallel structure makes it possible to interpret from a different point of view Heidegger's reading of Husserl and provides the proof of the phenomenological closeness of these two texts as regards the basis of their 'logic'."
Koselleck, Reinhart, and Schnur, Roman, eds. 1969. Hobbes-Forschungen. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
Inhalt: W. H. Greenleaf: Hobbes: The Problem of Interpretation 9; Julien Freund: Le Dieu Mortel 38; Samuel I. Mintz: Hobbes and the Law of Heresy: A New Manuscript 53; François Tricaud: "Homo homini Deus", "Homo homini lupus": Recherche des Sources des deux Formules de Hobbes 61; Winfried Förster: Thomas Hobbes und der Puritanismus 71; Ion Contiades: Zur Verortung des Leviathan. Thomas Hobbes und das Osmanenreich 91; Manfred Riedel: Zum Verhältnis von Ontologie und politischer Theorie bei Hobbes 103; F. O. Wolf: Zum Ursprung der politischen Philosophie des Hobbes 119; Raymond Polin: L’Obligation Morale et Politique chez Thomas Hobbes 133; Howard Warrender: A Postscript on Hobbes and Kant 153; K. R. Minogue: Hobbes and the Just Man 159; Michel Villey: Le Droit de l’Individu chez Hobbes 173; Mario A. Cattaneo: Hobbes Théoricien de l’Absolutisme Éclairé 199; Martin Kriele: Notes on the Controversy between Hobbes and English Jurists 211; Janine Chanteur: Note sur les Notions de "Peuple" et de
"Multitude" chez Hobbes 223; François Tricaud: Quelques Questions Soulevées par la Comparaison du "Léviathan" Latin avec le "Léviathan" Anglais 237; Reinhart Klemens Maurer: Stellungnahme zu einigen Referaten des Hobbes-Kolloquiums 245; Winfried Dalimayr: Hobbes and Existentialism: Some Affinities 259; Reinhard Stumpf: Hobbes im deutschen Sprachraum -- Eine Bibliographie 287-390.
Kremer Marietti, Angèle. 2003. Cours sur la première recherche logique de Husserl. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan.
Küng, Guido. 1972. "The World as Noema and as Referent." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 2:15-26.
"A major stumbling block in the way of a dialogue between phenomenology and; logistic philosophy is the fact that the semantical terminology of the two movements has developed in opposite directions. In logistic philosophy Frege’s 3-levelled semantics of sign, sense and referent soon gave way to Russell’s 2-levelled semantics of sign and referent. In Husserlian phenomenology, on the other hand, the notion of sense was not abandoned but broadened, especially through the elaboration of the notion of the noema. A closer look at the contemporary discussions in logistic philosophy shows however that the 3-levelled semantical framework is reappearing in a new form. The straightforward realism of Russell has given way to a more Kantian position where the universe of discourse is no longer simply identified with absolute reality. This means that the logistic philosophers are discovering the noematic character of their universes of discourse.
This new logistic distinction between universes of discourse and absolute reality, which parallels the phenomenological distinction between the world as noema and the absolute real world (if there is any), brings with it a distinction between ontology and metaphysics: the description of different universes of discourse, respectively of different noematic worlds, can be called the ontological task, and the question as to which universe of discourse, respectively which noematic world (if any), is the best map of absolute reality is the concern of metaphysics.
The parallelism between the semantics of contemporary logistic philosophy and phenomenology is obscured by a terminological discrepancy due to the above mentioned divergent historical development: in logistic philosophy the signs are said to refer to the entities in the universe of discourse, whereas in phenomenology the noemata are not properly speaking the referents of noetic acts, but are said to belong on the level of sense. However, the phenomenological way of distinguishing noematic world and absolute reality in terms of sense and referent is very important, because it provides the most adequate way of conceiving the puzzling relationship between appearance and reality, and avoids the shortcomings of the causal and the picture theory, the identity theory and the adverbial theory."
Künne, Wolfgang. 2003. "Are questions propositions?" Revue Internationale de Philosophie no. 57:157-168.
Kusch, Martin. 1988. "Husserl and Heidegger on Meaning." Synthese:99-127.
Reprinted as Appendix to: J. Hintikka, Lingua Universalis versus Calculus Ratiocinator: An Ultimate Presupposition of Twentieth-Century Philosophy, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997, pp. 240-266.
———. 1989. Language as Calculus vs. Language as Universal Medium. A Study in Husserl, Heidegger, and Gadamer. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Contents: Preface IX-XI; Part I. Introduction: Language as calculus vs. language as the universal medium 1; Part II. Husserl's phenomenology and language as calculus 11; Part III. Heidegger's ontology and language as the universal medium 135; Part IV. Between Scylla and Charybdis -- Gadamer's hermeneutics 229; Notes to Part I 259; Notes to Part II 260; Notes Part III 290; Notes to Part IV 310; Bibliography 315; Index of names 343; Index of subjects 353.
Lampert, Jay. 1995. Synthesis and Backward Reference in Husserl's Logical Investigations. Dodrecht: Kluwer.
Landgrebe, Ludwig. 1981. The Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl. Six Essays. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Edited and with an introduction by Donn Welton.
Content: 1. The Phenomenology of Corporeality and the Problem of Matter; 2. The Problem of Passive Constitution; 3. Husserl's Departure from Cartesianism; 4. The World as a Phenomenological Problem; 5. Regions of Being and Regional Ontologies in Husserl's Phenomenology; 6. The Problem of a Transcendental Science of the A Priori of the Life-world.
Lavigne, Jean-François. 2002. "Du psychologisme logique à la phénoménologie pure." Recherches Husserliennes no. 18:59-90.
———. 2004. Husserl et la naissance de la phénoménologie (1900-1913). Des Recherches logiques aux Ideen: la genèse de l'idéalisme transcendantal phénoménologique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Leclerq, Bruno. 2015. Fondements logiques et phénoménologiques de la rationalité mathématique chez Husserl. Paris: Vrin.
Lerner, Rosemary. 2002. "Husserl's breaktrough revisited: genesis of the Logical Investigations." Études Phénomenologiques no. 35:71-98.
Lohmar, Dieter. 1996. "La genèse du jugement antéprédicatif dans les Recherches logiques et dans Expérience et jugement." In Phénomenologie et logique, edited by Courtine, Jean-François, 217-238. Paris: Presses de l'Ecole normale supérieure.
Mays, Wolfe. 2002. "Edmund Husserl's grammar. 100 years on." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 33:317-340.
McCarthy, Thomas A. 1972. "Logic, mathematics and ontology in Husserl." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 3:158-164.
McGuire, Brigitte. 1998. "L'origine monadique de la logique selon Husserl." Les Études Philosophiques:161-178.
Meiland, Jack W. 1976. "Psychologism in logic: Husserl's critique." Inquiry no. 19:325-339.
"Psychologism in logic holds that logic is a branch of psychology. This view has been vigorously defended by John Stuart Mill and by a number of German philosophers of logic, notably Erdmann. Its chief critics have been Husserl and Frege and, to a lesser extent, Russell. Husserl set forth a profound and detailed critique of psychologism in "Logical Investigations".
This paper examines this critique. First, I explain why the psychologistic theory is attractive. Then I show that Husserl's critique is not convincing, partly because he does not take the theory in its most plausible form and partly because he ignores certain important distinctions (for example, between what a statement is about and what it is true in virtue of).
Then I raise two new objections to the psychologistic theory. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the psychologistic theory remains an important and serious position from which we can learn much about the status of logic."
Melandri, Enzo. 1960. Logica e esperienza in Husserl. Bologna: Il Mulino.
———. 1990. Le 'Ricerche logiche' di Husserl. Introduzione e commento alla Prima ricerca. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Melle, Ulrich. 2001. "La théorie husserlienne du jugement." Revue Philosophique de Louvain no. 99:683-714.
Mensch, James R. 1981. The Question of Being in Husserl's Logical Investigations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Metcalfe, John F. 1988. "Husserl and early Victorian philosophical logic." Eidos no. 7:15-33.
"I present a detailed itemization of Husserl's criticisms of logical psychologism. I use this to explore H. L. Mansel's formulation of his self-proclaimed psychologism. I argue that Husserl's criticisms do not engage Mansel's views. Thus the common view that Husserl presents a mortal attack on psychologism is misleading. The lessons of this comparison are two: first, the standard cursory dismissal of the Victorian psychologicists' program needs reexamination. And second, the contrasts between this program and its transcendental counterparts need sharpening or dissolution."
Miller, Philip J. 1982. Numbers in Presence and Absence. A Study of Husserl's Philosophy of Mathematics. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Mohanty, Jitendra Nath. 1964. Edmund Husserl's Theory of Meaning. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Third edition 1976.
———. 1970. Phenomenology and Ontology. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
———. 1974. "Husserl and Frege: a new look at their relationship." Research in Phenomenology no. 4:51-62.
Reprinted in: J. N. Mohanty (ed.), Readings on Husserl's Logical Investigations, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff 1977, pp. 22-32.
———, ed. 1977. Readings on Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
———. 1982. Husserl and Frege. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
———. 1991. "Husserl's formalism." In Phenomenology and the formal sciences, edited by Seebohm, Thomas, Føllesdal, Dagfinn and Mohanty, Jitendra Nath. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
———. 1997. "The concept of psychologism in Frege and Husserl." Philosophy and Rhetoric no. 30:271-290.
———. 1999. Logic, Truth, and the Modalities: From a Phenomenological Perspective. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
———. 2008. The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl. A Historical Development. Yale: Yale University Press.
This first volume traces the development of Husserl's thought from his earliest investigations in philosophy to his publication of Ideas in 1913.
———. 2011. Edmund Husserl's Freiburg Years: 1916-1938. Yale: Yale University Press.
Mohanty, Jitendra Nath, and McKenna, William, eds. 1989. Husserl's Phenomenology. A Textbook. Pittsburgh: University Press of America.
Moran, Dermot. 2000. "Husserl's critique of Brentano in the Logical Investigations." Manuscrito no. 23:163-205.
———. 2005. Edmund Husserl: Founder of Phenomenology. Malden: Polity.
Moran, Dermot, and Cohen, Joseph. 2012. The Husserl Dictionary. New York: Continuum.
Moser, Hans Walter. 1922. Die logische Problematik des Thomas Hobbes und ihre erkenntnistheoretischen Voraussetzungen. Berlin-Steglitz: Könitzer Drckerei.
Mulligan, Kevin. 1989. "Husserl on States of Affairs in the 'Logical Investigations'." Epistemologia no. 12:207-234.
Mulligan, Kevin, and Smith, Barry. 1986. "Husserl's Logical Investigations." Grazer Philosophische Studien no. 27:199-206.
Munch, Dieter. 1989. "The early Husserl." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 20:173-178.
Natorp, Paul. 2001. "Les Idées pour une phénoménologie pure de Husserl." Recherches Husserliennes no. 15:3-30.
Nef, Frédéric. 1998. "L'ontologie formelle de Bolzano à Husserl." In L'object quelconque: recherches sur l'ontologie de l'objet. Paris: Vrin.
Nenon, Thomas. 1997. "Two models of foundation in the Logical investigations." In Husserl in contemporary context: prospects and projects for phenomenology, edited by Hopkins, Burt C., 97-114. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Nuki, Shigeto. 1999. "Phenomenology as calculus?" In Phenomenology: Japanese and American perspective, edited by Hopkins, Burt C., 1-14. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Null, Gilbert T. 1980. ""On connoting": the relational theory of the concept in Husserlian phenomenology." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 11:69-76.
———. 1997. "Formal and material ontology." In Encyclopedia of phenomenology, edited by Embree, Lester, 237-241. Dordrecht: Kluwer academic Publishers.
Patzig, Günther. 1977. "Husserl on truth and evidence." In Readings on Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations, edited by Mohanty, Jitendra Nath, 179-196. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Translation of an article published in Neue Hefte für Philosophie I, 1971, pp. 12-32.
Peruzzi, Alberto. 1989. "Towards a real phenomenology of logic." Husserl Studies no. 6:1-24.
"The paper deals with the phenomenological roots of logic, and suggests a strict link of such roots with concepts of category theory. The project stems from a new consideration of the philosophy of logic developed by Husserl. Differences between this approach and intuitionism are examined. The objectivity of logical constructions is seen from the viewpoint of natural epistemology. An essential complementarity of descriptive and constructive components is reached and related to formal developments in category theory."
Peursen, Cornelis van. 1959. "Phenomenology and Ontology." Philosophy Today no. 4:35-42.
Picardi, Eva. 1997. "Sigwart, Husserl and Frege on truth and logic, or is psychologism still a threat?" European Journal of Philosophy no. 5:162-182.
"The paper argues that Husserl's criticism of Sigwart's normative conception of logical laws rests on an absolutist conception of truth and content which is itself in need of justification. Also the contrast between psychological laws of holding true and logical laws of being true used by Frege in his criticism of psychologism fails to explain the epistemological status of logical laws. A better understanding of the latter is to be found in Frege's conception of truth and justification. Sigwart's psychologism comes to the fore in the privileged role he assigned in his logic to judgments of recognition and naming. While the attention paid to the indexical component of certain utterances enables Sigwart to give an original account of the import of impersonal judgments, his concentration on a first-person account of sentence meaning prevents him from appreciating the public dimension of meaning, which alone renders communication possible."
Pietersma, Henri. 1966. "Husserl's concept of philosophy." Dialogue no. 5:425-442.
———. 1967. "Husserl and Frege." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie no. 49:298-323.
———. 1986. "Husserl's concept of existence." Synthese no. 66:311-328.
Poli, Roberto. 1993. "Husserl's Conception of Formal Ontology." History and Philosophy of Logic no. 14:1-14.
"The concept of formal ontology was first developed by Husserl. It concerns problems relating to the notions of object, substance, property, part, whole, predication, nominalization, etc. The idea of formal ontology is present in many of Husserl's works, with minor changes. This paper provides a reconstruction of such an idea. Husserl's proposal is faced with contemporary logical orthodoxy and it is presented also an interpretative hypothesis, namely that the original difference between the general perspective of usual model theory and formal ontology is grounded in the fact that this latter starts from an intended interpretation and not from the set of all the possible interpretations."
"1. Introduction
The term 'formal ontology' has been given two different interpretations. The first of these, entirely in keeping with the mainstream of contemporary philosophy, has been what I shall call analytic: formal ontology is that branch of ontology which is analysed within the framework of formal logic. The leading exponent of this approach has undoubtedly been Nino Cocchiarella. (1) On the premise that each particular science has its own 'mode of being', Cocchiarella has written that `metaphysics [...] - or what we might instead call formal ontology - is concerned with the study and development of alternative formalizations regarding the systematic co-ordination of all the "modes" or "categories of being" under the most general laws' (1974, 29-30). From this point of view, formal ontology studies the logical characteristics of predication and the various theories of universals.
The other interpretation, which I shall call phenomenological, developed from Husserl's early works, in particular Logical investigations. As a first approximation, we may say that this approach mainly addresses the problems of parts and wholes and of dependence. Despite their differences, these two varieties of formal ontology quite frequently overlap each other, although to date there has been no systematic study of the categories and layers that constitute formal ontology and no systematic analysis of the issues addressed by it."( p. 1).
(1) Formal ontology and the Foundations of Mathematics in: G. Nakhnikian (ed.), Bertrand Russell's Philosophy, London: Duckworth, 1974, pp. 29-46 and Logical Investigations of Predication Theory and the Problem of Universals, Naples: Bibliopolis, 1986. For a general reconstruction see: Ontology II: Formal Ontology in: H. Burkhardt and B. Smith (eds.), Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology, Münich: Philosophia Verlag, 1991, pp. 640-647.
Priest, Stephen. 1999. "Husserl's concept of being: from phenomenology to metaphysics." In German philosophy since Kant, edited by O'Hear, Anthony, 209-222. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Renaudie, Pierre-Jean. 2015. Husserl et les catégories. Langage, pensée et perception. Paris: Vrin.
Richard, Sebastien. 2015. "Meinong and Early Husserl on Objects and States of Affairs." In Objects and Pseudo-Objects: Ontological Deserts and Jungles From Brentano to Carnap, edited by Seron, Denis, Richard, Sebastien and Leclercq, Bruno, 123-141. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Riedel, Manfred. 1969. "Kausalität und Finalität in Hobbes' Naturphilosophie." Kant Studien no. 60:417-435.
———. 1969. "Zum Verhältnis von Ontologie und politischer Theorie bei Hobbes." In Hobbes-Forschungen, edited by Koselleck, Reinhart and Schnur, Roman, 103-118. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
Rivenc, François. 1996. "Husserl, with and against Frege." Harvard Review of Philosophy no. 6:95-116.
Rollinger, Robin D. 1993. "Husserl and Brentano on Imagination." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie no. 75:195-210.
Reprinted with the title: Brentano and Husserl on Imagination in: R. D. Rollinger, Austrian Phenomenology. Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Object, Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2009, pp. 29-50.
———. 1993. Meinong and Husserl on Abstraction and Universals. From Hume Studies I to Logical Investigations II. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
———. 1999. Husserl's Position in the School of Brentano. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
———. 2003. "Names, Statements, and their Corresponding Acts in Husserl's Logical Investigations." In Husserl's Logical Investigations Reconsidered, edited by Fisette, Denis, 133-150. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Reprinted with the title: Names, Statements, and Mind-Functions in Husserl's Logical Investigations in: R. D. Rollinger, Austrian Phenomenology. Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Object, Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2009, pp. 51-72.
———. 2003. "Husserl's Elementary Logic: The 1896 Lectures in their Nineteenth Century Context." Studia Phaenomenologica no. 3:195-215.
———. 2004. "Austrian Theories of Judgment: Bolzano, Brentano, Meinong, and Husserl." In Phenomenology and Analysis. Essays on Central European Philosophy, edited by Chrudzimski, Arkadiusz and Huemer, Wolfgang, 257-284. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag.
Reprinted in: R. D. Rollinger, Austrian Phenomenology. Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Object, Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2009, pp. 233-262.
Rosado Haddock, Guillermo. 1991. "On Husserl's Distinction Between State of Affairs (Sachverhalt) and Situation of Affairs (Sachlage)." In Phenomenology and the Formal Sciences, edited by Seebohm, Thomas, Føllesdal, Dagfinn and Mohanty, Jitendra Nath, 35-57. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Reprinted as Chapter 14 in: C. Ortiz Hill and G. Rosado Haddock, Husserl Or Frege?: Meaning, Objectivity, and Mathematics, Chicago, Open Court, 2000, pp. 253-262.
"In his influential paper 'Mathematical Truth' (1) Paul Benacerraf states two requirements for any account of mathematical truth to be worth considering, namely: (i) that the semantic treatment of mathematical statements does not differ essentially from the semantic treatment of non-mathematical statements, and (ii) that the account of mathematical truth harmonize with what he calls a reasonable epistemology. According to him, combinatorial accounts of mathematical truth, which tend to identify mathematical truth with derivability in a formal system, violate the first requirement, whereas, platonist philosophies of mathematics (like Gödel's) violate the second requirement. Such a violation of the second requirement, however, depends on Benacerraf s understanding of, 'reasonable epistemology'. It should be clear that if one identifies 'reasonable epistemology' with empiricist theory of knowledge (causal or not), platonist philosophies of mathematics are not easy to reconcile with reasonable epistemologies. But such an identification need not be taken for granted.
In this paper, however, we are not interested in discussing the merits of Benacerraf's sketch of a causal theory of mathematical truth, but would like to state a third requirement (i. e. a third necessary condition) for a semantics plus epistemology of mathematics, which in our opinion is not satisfied by any
causal account. (iii) A semantics plus epistemology of mathematics must give a satisfactory account of the equivalence -- in the sense of interderivability -- of apparently unrelated mathematical statements -- like the Axiom of Choice and its many mathematical equivalents.
The best known representatives of platonism in the philosophy of mathematics, i. e. Cantor, Frege and Gödel, did not develop enough -- so far as we know -- an epistemology of mathematics. Husserl, however, whose philosophy of mathematics (as developed in Logische Untersuchungen (2) and Formate und transzendentale Logik (3) can also be considered as a sort of platonism, tried to develop in his Sixth Logical Investigation and in Erfahrung und Urteil (4) such an epistemology of mathematics. It is our opinion that Husserl's sketchy epistemology of mathematics plus his somewhat scattered remarks of a semantical nature can be elaborated further to produce a semantics plus epistemology that satisfies all three requirements stated above. In this paper, however, we will limit our consideration to some of Husserl's semantical insights and will try to show rather sketchily how some of these insights can be fruitfuly applied in a semantics of mathematics that satisfies the first and third of the above requirements (i. e. those which are more properly of a semantic nature, since the second is rather a requirement on epistemologies of mathematics).
(1) P. Benacerraf 'Mathematical Truth', in Journal of Philosophy 70, [1973, pp. 661-679] reprinted in P. Benacerraf & H. Putnam (eds.) Philosophy of Mathematics, pp. 403-420.
(2) See Logische Untersuchungen, I, Ch. XI.
(3) See Formate und transzendentale Logik, Chs. 1-3.
(4) See Erfahrung und Urteil, Part II, Ch. 2 and Part III, Chs. 2 and 3.
———. 2000. "The structure of Husserl's Prolegomena." Manuscrito no. 23:61-69.
Rosiak, Marek. 1998. "Twardowski and Husserl on wholes and parts." In The Lvov-Warsaw school and contemporary philosophy, edited by Kijania-Placek, Katarzyna and Wolenski, Jan, 85-100. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Rothkamm, Jan. 2009. Institutio oratoria: Bacon, Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza. Leiden: Brill.
Rouilhand, Philippe de. 1996. "Introduction aux problèmes fondamentaux d'une logique du sens." Les Études Philosophiques:107-127.
Roy, Jean-Michel. 1996. "La dissociation husserlienne du Sinn et Bedeutung. Part I: Le fondement de la dissociation." In Phénomenologie et logique, edited by Courtine, Jean-François, 149-169. Paris: Presses de l'École normale supérieure.
———. 1996. "Comment peut on parler du sens? Russell critique de Husserl." Les Études Philosophiques:65-90.
Scanlon, John. 1975. "Formal logic and formal ontology." Research in Phenomenology no. 5:95-107.
Schérer, René. 1967. La phénoménologie des "Recherches logiques" de Husserl. Introduction à la lecture des 'Recherches logiques'. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Schuhmann, Karl. 1984. "Francis Bacon und Hobbes’ Widmungsbrief zu De Cive." Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung no. 38:165-190.
Repris dans: K. Schuhmann, Selected Papers on Renaissance Philosophy and on Thomas Hobbes, edité par Piet Steenbakkers et Cees Leijenhorst, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2004, pp. 1-24.
———. 1985. "Geometrie und Philosophie bei Thomas Hobbes." Philosophische Jahrbuch no. 92:161-177.
———. 1987. "Methodenfragen bei Spinoza und Hobbes: Zum Problem des Einflusses." Studia Spinozana no. 3:47-86.
———. 1990. "Husserl's Concept of Philosophy." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 21:274-283.
Abridged and revised version of "Husserls Idee der Philosophie", Husserl Studies, 5, 1988, pp. 235-256.
German version reprinted in K. Schuhmann, Selected Papers on Phenomenology, edited by Cees Leijenhorst and Piet Steenbakkers, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2005, pp. 61-78.
"Philosophy as Universal Science
Husserl insisted from the very beginning that the concept of philosophy involves two different, yet equally essential elements. Philosophical knowledge is both absolutely valid and completely universal. The first aspect concerns the way in which philosophical truths are known, i.e. the quality of philosophical cognition. Philosophy, Husserl says, is apodictic, evident and radical; it yields absolutely legitimized knowledge whose evidence flows from ultimate sources of cognition and is founded upon definitive fundaments. Philosophy, in short, is a rigorous science. The second aspect concerns the object of philosophical knowledge, i.e. the quantity of its field. The range of philosophy, as Husserl conceives it, is the universe of whatever can be known. Philosophy is all comprehensive knowledge or "universal knowledge of what is". Husserl thereby takes up the traditional definition of philosophy as the science of being qua being. But he also goes along with the traditional division of philosophy into a number of special disciplines, which together constitute philosophy as such.
Two main divisions of philosophical disciplines are to be found in Husserl's writings, which at first sight seem to have no connection with one another. On the one hand, he divides philosophy into a theoretical and a practical branch. Philosophy is, first of all, theoretical because it defends the idea of absolute knowledge and is to issue forth in 'pure theory'. The philosopher is from this perspective an uninterested spectator watching over subjective acts and their objective correlates. On the one hand, however, philosophy is practical also because its goal is absolute ethical life and rational practice, and from this perspective philosophy aims at a revolution in our life and habits in order to make us perfect personalities. Its purpose is to bring about a philosophical culture in which reason alone will determine the will and decisions of mankind.
In addition to this however Husserl also, and indeed more frequently, adopts a tripartite division into theoretical, axiological and practical philosophy. This division agrees with the three main areas of reason - cognitive (logical) reason, evaluative and practical. Since the phenomenological elucidation of reason is at the same time a critique of the possibilities of reason, Husserl also says that phenomenology aims at a critique of knowledge, of value and of practice.
Let us first turn to theoretical philosophy. According to Husserl, it is natural that philosophy should "set out from what is most general and from there pass over to the particulars contained under it". Correspondingly he introduces into theoretical philosophy a distinction between a discipline of general forms and the doctrine of their material specifications. The first he calls 'formal ontology'; it deals with the forms of objects. The second he divides into a number of different 'material ontologies', each one of which relates to a region of objects circumscribed by certain features they have in common.
Formal ontology - or, as he also sometimes calls it, mathesis universalis - is, Husserl says, the science of the pure forms of something-in-general and of its modalities or derivations. It treats formal categories such as state of affairs, genus and species, identity and difference, number, whole and part. This shows that formal ontology is the sphere to which Husserl devoted most of his work in the period ranging from the Philosophy of Arithmetic (1891) to the Logical Investigations (1901). He distinguishes between several sub-disciplines of formal ontology, reflecting diverse formal aspects of the object-as-such. Thus as parts of formal ontology he mentions logic (i.e. the formal doctrine of meanings), pure arithmetic and the pure theory of manifolds or sets.
Only in later years did Husserl turn to material ontologies, e.g., in his lectures on nature (1907), on intersubjectivity (1910/11) or in Ideas II (1912ff.), as well as in his various lectures and seminars on Natur and Geist. Nowhere does he give an exhaustive list of disciplines which together would make up the realm of material ontology in its entirety. He does, though, repeatedly mention nature, soul and society as delimiting three corresponding material ontologies." pp. 274-275 (Notes omitted).
———. 1995. "Hobbes und Gassendi." In Veritas filia temporis? Philosophiehistorie zwischen Wahrheit und Geschichte, edited by Puster, Rolf W., 162-169. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Repris dans: K. Schuhmann, Selected Papers on Renaissance Philosophy and on Thomas Hobbes, edité par Piet Steenbakkers et Cees Leijenhorst, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2004, pp. 219-225.
———. 2001. "Representation in early Husserl." In The dawn of cognitive science. Early European contributors, edited by Albertazzi, Liliana, 167-184. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Seebohm, Thomas. 1988. "Phenomenology of Logic and the Problem of Modalizing." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 19:235-251.
———. 1991. ""Tertium Non Datur:" Husserl's Conception of a Definite Multiplicity." In Phenomenology and the formal sciences, edited by Seebohm, Thomas, Føllesdal, Dagfinn and Mohanty, Jitendra Nath. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
———. 1997. "Individuals, identity, names: phenomenological considerations." In Husserl in contemporary context: prospects and projects for phenomenology, edited by Hopkins, Burt C., 115-150. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Simons, Peter M. 1982. "Three essays in formal ontology." In Parts and moments. Studies in logic and formal ontology, edited by Smith, Barry, 111-260. München: Philosophia Verlag.
———. 1982. "The formalisation of Husserl's theory of wholes and parts." In Parts and moments. Studies in logic and formal ontology, edited by Smith, Barry and Simons, Peter M., 113-160.
Reprinted in: Peter Simons, Philosophy and logic in Central Europe from Bolzano to Tarski. Selected essays, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1992 pp. 71-116.
Smith, Barry. 1975. "The ontogenesis of mathematical objects." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 6:91-101.
———. 1978. "An essay in formal ontology." Grazer Philosophische Studien no. 6:39-62.
———. 1978. "Frege and Husserl: the ontology of reference." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 9:111-125.
———. 1989. "Logic and formal ontology." In Husserl's phenomenology. A textbook, edited by Mohanty, Jitendra Nath and McKenna, William, 29-67. Lanham: University Press of America.
Smith, Barry, and Smith, David Woodruff, eds. 1995. The Cambridge Companion to Husserl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, David Woodruff. 2000. "Ontological phenomenology." In The Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy - Volume 7: Modern Philosophy, edited by Gedney, Mark. Bowling Green: Philosophy Documentation Center.
———. 2002. "What is "Logical" in Husserl's Logical Investigations ? The Copenhagen interpretation." In One hundred years of phenomenology: Husserl's Logical Investigations revisited, edited by Zahavi, Dan and Stjernfelt, Frederik, 51-65. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
———. 2003. ""Pure" logic, ontology, and phenomenology." Revue Internationale de Philosophie no. 57:133-156.
———. 2003. "Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations (1900-1901): From logic through ontology to phenomenology." In The classics of Western philosophy. A reader's guide, edited by Garcia, Jorge J.E., 423-439. Malden: Blackwell.
———. 2003. "The unity of the Logical investigations: then and now." In Husserl's Logical investigations reconsidered, edited by Fisette, Denis, 21-34. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
———. 2007. Husserl. New York: Routledge.
See in partcilaur Chapter Three: Logic: meaning in language, mind and science, pp. 86-134, and Four: Ontology: essences and categories, minds and bodies, pp. 135-187.
Smith, David Woodruff, and McIntyre, Ronald. 1982. Husserl and Intentionality. A Study of Mind, Meaning, and Language. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Snyder, Lee R. 1981. "The concept of evidence in Edmund Husserl's genealogy of logic." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research no. 41:547-555.
Sokolowski, Robert. 1968. "The logic of wholes and parts in Husserl's Investigations." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research no. 28:537-553.
———. 1973. "Logic and mathematics in Husserl's "Formal and transcendental logic"." In Explorations in phenomenology, edited by Carr, David and Casey, Edward, 306-327. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Reprinted in: Husserlian Meditations. How words present things, pp. 271-289.
———. 1974. Husserlian Meditations. How Words Present Things. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
———. 1987. "Husserl and Frege." Journal of Philosophy no. 84:521-528.
———. 1988. "Husserl as a Tutor in Philosophy." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 19:296-309.
———. 2002. "Semiotics in Husserl's Logical Investigations." In One hundred years of phenomenology: Husserl's Logical Investigations revisited, edited by Zahavi, Dan and Stjernfelt, Frederik, 171-183. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Soldati, Gianfranco. 1999. "What Is "formal" in Husserl's "Logical Investigations"?" European Journal of Philosophy no. 3:330-338.
"It is sometimes said that questions of form are questions of logic or language. In his "Logical Investigations" Husserl, however, clearly distinguished formal ontology from formal grammar and formal logic. The article attempts to explain Husserl's notion of formal ontology. It investigates the relation between formal and material ontology as well as the relation between epistemic and metaphysical necessity. The article provides an interpretation of Husserl's claim that there are metaphysical necessities which are necessarily recognized by the human mind on the basis of Husserl's well-known distinction between the meanings of mental acts and their objective correlates."
———. 2004. "Abstraction and abstract concepts: On Husserl's Philosophy of arithmetic." In Phenomenology and analysis. Essays on Central European philosophy, edited by Chrudzimski, Arkadiusz and Huemer, Wolfgang, 215-232. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag.
Spiegelberg, Herbert. 1972. "Remarks on Findlay's Translation of Edmund Husserl's "Logical Investigations"." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 3:195-196.
"I have the highest admiration for this effort and its result, much higher than for all other Husserl translations known to me. But it would be too bad if the users of this translation were denied the chance of minor emendations which I would like to suggest as a result of an intensive reading of the translation in a seminar at Washington University along with the German text. I shall therefore select some of the more important ones as follows:
1. On page 218 line 20 read "quantitative" for "qualitative," (pointed out by Robert Sokolowski in Inquiry 14 (1971), 347).
2. On page 225 in the first line of paragraph 62 the phrase "unified item in anthropology" (as a characterization of science) for "anthropologische Einheit" might better be rendered as "cultural system". In Husserl's framework anthropology, as introduced in Chapter VII ("Anthropologismus") has no relation to the science of anthropology, at the time mostly physical, but to the emphasis on human factors.
3. In the title of Chapter I in Investigation II (p. 535) the rendition of the German Bestand ("Bewusstsein als phaenomenologischer Bestand des Ich . . .") by "Subsistence" ("Consciousness as Phenomenological Subsistence of the Ego") is misleading, since here the German word (of many meanings) clearly refers to the composition or content of the ego, rather than to any mode of its existence in the sense of Meinong's Bestand of his Objektive (states of affairs).
4. In the title and text of Chapter IV in Investigation VI the rendition of the German Verträglichkeit and Unverträglichkeit by "Consistency and Inconsistency" seems to me debatable, since their German equivalents are Widerspuchsfreiheit and Widerspruchlichkeit. Closer English equivalents of the words in the German title are "Compatibility" and "Incompatibility".
5. On p. 804 line 17 from the bottom the word "own" (repeated in the following line) ought to be dropped.
6. On p. 812 line 10 the proper translation of the idiomatic Mit nichten, wurden wir einwenden would be "By no means, we would object" (rather than "Binding them with nothing . . .").
I have only one serious regret about these two volumes. The distribution of the two very unequal German volumes of the first and even of the second edition (subdividing volume II) may be technically defensible, provided that it does not conceal the fact that the German volumes appeared separately in two subsequent years (1900 and 1901 respectively). It is also only a minor incongruency that volume II begins on the back page of volume I, thus minimizing the break by not even inserting a new page; whereas each of the six Investigations within volume II is preceded by a special title page. But what is really unfortunate is that the title of volume II (Untersuchungen zur Phaenomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis) is missing both on p. 248 and in the Table of Contents, this all the more since the title of volume I ("Prolegomena to Pure Logic") appears correctly in both places. Among other things this conceals the important historical fact that it was in the title of the second volume that Husserl for the first time used the term "phenomenology," still absent from volume I, explicitly and conspicuously. While it is controversial whether the undeniable historical impression was correct that Volume II meant a new departure in Husserl's development, as it was certainly interpreted at the time, the fact that there was definite reason for this impression must not be forgotten." p. 196.
Spinicci, Paolo. 1985. I Pensieri dell'esperienza. Interpretazione di 'Esperienza e giudizio' di Edmund Husserl. Firenze: La Nuova Italia.
Staiti, Andrea. 2006. "Il luogo della verità. La presenza di Agostino nella fenomenologia di Husserl." Quaestio. Journal of the History of Metaphysics no. 6:373-402.
Stapleton, Timothy. 1982. "The "logic" of Husserl's transcendental reduction." Man and World no. 15:369-382.
"This article is an attempt to displace many of the traditional, overly Cartesian (epistemological) interpretations of Husserl's transcendental turn, and to replace them with an interpretation based on Husserl's formal ontology as developed in the "Logical Investigations". In particular, the theory of wholes and parts in conjunction with Husserl's principle of intuitive, eidetic rationality, it is argued, lead directly to transcendental idealism. And as a consequence, the fundamental unity of Husserl's entire philosophical project, from the pre-transcendental through the transcendental period, is established."
Stepanians, Markus S. 1988. Frege und Husserl über Urteilen und Denken. Paderborn: Schöningh.
Stjernfelt, Frederik. 2002. "Categories, diagrams, schemata: the cognitive grasping of ideal objects in Husserl and Peirce." In One hundred years of phenomenology: Husserl's Logical Investigations revisited, edited by Zahavi, Dan and Stjernfelt, Frederik, 147-167. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Ströker, Elisabeth. 1988. "Husserl and Philosophy of Science." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 19:217-234.
Taylor, Matt. 2000. "The consistency of Husserl's theory of meaning." Grazer Philosophische Studien no. 60:171-196.
Textor, Mark. 2000. "Bolzano et Husserl sur l'analyticité." Études Philosophiques 435-454.
Tieszen, Richard L. 1998. "Gödel's path from the incompleteness theorems (1931) to phenomenology." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic no. 4:181-203.
"In a lecture manuscript written around 1961 Gödel describes a philosophical path from the incompleteness theorems to Husserl's phenomenology. Using this manuscript as a basis, I present and discuss the arguments in Gödel's recently published papers that led him to the work of Husserl. In particular, I focus on arguments concerning Hilbert's program and an early version of Carnap's program."
———. 2004. "Husserl's Logic." In Handbook of the History of Logic. Vol. III. The Rise of Modern Logic: From Leibniz to Frege, edited by Gabbay, Dov and Woods, John, 207-321. Amsterdam: Elsevier North Holland.
Tito, Johanna Maria. 1990. Logic in the Husserlian Context. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Tolley, Clinton. 2017. "Husserl’s Philosophy of the Categories and His Development toward Absolute Idealism." Grazer Philosophische Studien no. 94:460-493.
Abstract: In recent work, Amie Thomasson has sought to develop a new approach to the philosophy of the categories which is metaphysically neutral between traditional realist and conceptualist approaches, and which has its roots in the ‘correlationalist’ approach to categories put forward in Husserl’s writings in the 1900s–1910s and systematically charted over the past few decades by David Woodruff Smith in his studies of Husserl’s philosophy. Here the author aims to provide a recontextualization and critical assessment of correlationalism in a Husserlian vein. To this end, the author presents, first, the reasons why, later in his life, Husserl himself found his earlier treatment of categories philosophically naive, and why he increasingly advocated for a more genetic-teleological account. The author then draws upon arguments made a century earlier by Schelling and Hegel, in criticism of Fichte, to point up what might remain philosophically unsatisfying about even the post-correlationalist genetic position of the later Husserl, in light of the pronounced trend in Husserl’s own development, on the questions of reason and spirit, toward absolute idealism."
Tönnies, Ferdinand. 1912. Thomas Hobbes. Der Mann und der Denker. Leipzig: A. W. Zickfeldt.
Second revised edition of Tönnies (1896); third edition Stuttgart: Frommann, 1925.
Tragesser, Robert. 1977. Phenomenology and Logic. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
———. 1984. Husserl and Realism in Logic and Mathematics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Velarde-Mayol, Victor. 2000. On Husserl. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Verley, Xavier. 2005. Pensée, symbole et représentation. Logique et psychologie chez Frege et Husserl. Chennevières-sur-Marne: Dianoia.
Watson, Laurence W. 1980. "A remark on Husserl theory of multiplicities." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology no. 11:180-185.
Weiss, Ulrich. 1980. Das philosophische System von Thomas Hobbes. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog.
Welton, Donn. 1983. The Origins of Meaning: A Critical Study of the Thresholds of Husserlian Phenomenology. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Willard, Dallas. 1980. "Husserl on a logic that failed." Philosophical Review no. 89:46-64.
"In this paper I try to identify the deficiency of logic which Husserl refers to in the "Forward" to his "Logical Investigations" of 1900. Logics known to him were unable to explain how formal systems of signs function to advance knowledge, as in the case of formal arithmetic. Simultaneous efforts to elucidate the procedures of general arithmetic (in the last part of his "Philosophy of arithmetic") and to write a review of Schroder's "lectures on the algebra of logic", made Husserl (by 1891) forsake Weierstrass's program of reconstructing mathematics from the concept of number alone, which he had hoped to carry out with tools drawn from Brentano's psychology."
———. 1984. Logic and the Objectivity of Knowledge. Studies in Husserl's Early Philosophy. Athens: Ohio University Press.
" This book attempts to explain the path by which Husserl's concern for an elucidation of mathematical, chiefly arithmetical, knowledge led to an analysis of the mental act which allows for a realist interpretation of science and ordinary perceptual experience. It attempts to go more thoroughly than has been done into the content and significance of his first book, "The philosophy of arithmetic". It provides discussion of many Husserlian texts not available in English and little discussed in the English literature. Its aim is not merely historical, but systematic as well."
———. 2003. "The theory of wholes and parts and Husserl's explication of the possibility of knowledge in the Logical investigations." In Husserl's Logical investigations reconsidered, edited by Fisette, Denis. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
———. 2012. "Realism Sustained? Interpreting Husserl's Progression into Idealism." Quaestiones Disputatae no. 31:20-32.
Winance, Eleuthère. 1965. "Intention and nature of Husserl's logic." Philosophia Mathematica no. 2:69-85.
———. 1966. "Logique, mathématique et ontologie comme 'mathesis universalis' chez Edmund Husserl." Revue Thomiste no. 66:410-434.
Wojciech, Krysztofiak. 1995. "Noemata and their formalization." Synthese no. 105:53-86.
"The presentation of the formal conception of noemata is the main aim of the article. In the first section, three informal approaches to noemata are discussed. The goal of this chapter is specifying main controversies and their sources concerned with different ways of the understanding of noemata. In the second section, basic assumptions determining the proposed way of understanding noemata are presented. The third section is devoted to the formal set-theoretic construction needed for the formal comprehension of neomata. In the fourth section, definitions of neomata and their various kinds, as well as definitions of other phenomenological notions are formulated. In the last section, possibilities of further developing the proposed formal conception are indicated."
Wolenski, Jan. 1997. "Husserl and the Development of Semantics." Philosophia Scientiae no. 2:151-158.
"This paper investigates the role of Edmund Husserl in the development of formal or model-theoretic semantics through glasses of the distinction of language as calculus vs. language as universal medium, introduced by Jaakko Hintikka and Martin Kusch. In particular, the paper raises the question of possible Husserl's influence on the conception of language accepted in Polish philosophy, in particular by Lesniewski and Tarski."
Zahavi, Dan. 1992. "Constitution and ontology: some remarks on Husserl's ontological position in the Logical Investigations." Husserl Studies no. 9:111-124.
"One of the major exegetical difficulties in connection with Husserl's Logical Investigations has always been the clarification of his ontological position and the closely related concept of constitution. Ever since the publication of the first edition - which will be the point of departure - in 1900-1, there has been an ongoing discussion as to which concept of reality Husserl had committed himself, initiated with a realistic interpretation by his Gottingen students. My aim in the following paper will be a critical evaluation and interpretation of this relationship, thereby also taking Husserl's philosophical development - especially as concerns his idea of phenomenology - into consideration."
———. 2001. "A propos de la neutralité métaphysique des "Recherches logiques"." Revue Philosophique de Louvain no. 99:715-736.
———. 2002. "Metaphysical neutrality in Logical Investigations." In One hundred years of phenomenology: Husserl's Logical Investigations revisited, edited by Zahavi, Dan and Stjernfelt, Frederik, 93-108. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Zahavi, Dan, and Stjernfelt, Frederik, eds. 2002. One Hundred Years of Phenomenology: Husserl's Logical Investigations Revisited. Dodrecht: Kluwer.
Zalta, Edward N. 1998. "Mally's Determinates and Husserl's Noemata." In Ernst Mally. Versuch einer Neubewertung, edited by Hieke, Alexander, 9-28. Sankt Augustin: Academia Verlag.
"In this paper, the author compares passages from two philosophically important texts and concludes that they have fundamental ideas in common. What makes this comparison and conclusion interesting is that the texts come from two different traditions in philosophy, the analytic and the phenomenological. In 1912, Ernst Mally published Gegenstandstheoretische Grundlagen der Logik und Logistik, an analytic work containing a combination of formal logic and metaphysics. In 1913, Edmund Husserl published Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie, a seminal work in phenomenology in which noemata are defined and given a crucial role in directing our mental states. In the passages from these two texts reproduced below, the author shows that the abstract `determinates' postulated by Mally in 1912 are assigned much the same role that Husserl assigned to noemata in 1913. Though Mally's determinates are not as highly structured as Husserl's noemata, they have a feature that explains how they manage to play the role assigned to them. The corresponding feature is missing, or at least, not emphasized in Husserl's account of noemata. Therefore, insights from both philosophers, and thus from both the analytic and phenomenological traditions, are needed to give a more complete account of directed mental states."
